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Risky Behaviour of Injecting Drug Users in Prison Settings
Šklubalová, Markéta ; Grohmannová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Broža, Jiří (referee)
Risky behaviour in prison is very frequently international theme in last twenty years. Epidemic situation in some foreign prisons, which involved IDU too, asked for details studies and introduction certain measure. There are missing quality researches and good knowledge about this area in czech setting. The goal of my bachelor work is to probe into this problem. I want to find out the information about incarcerated persons, especially if they show some types of risky behaviours and if duration of the punishment and using patterns before incarceration influence these behaviours. I use a method of a quantitative research, the questionnaires. My research was realized in 2010 between active drug users released from prison. There are 22 respondents in my research so it is not possible to generalize acquired data. I recommend next continuing in this study, especially linking-up with more institutions and raise funds for extensive study.
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Awareness of contagious disease in mind of pupils at basic and secondary schools.
Peštová, Ilona ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Infectious diseases are a very hot topic nowadays in society. In recent years, there were several epidemics, infectious diseases (hepatitis A, Avian influenza, pandemic influenza A) and nobody knows when will the next "new" infection. At the outbreak of epidemics, there is great interest in the company to obtain information about the disease, but often also to unnecessary panic, because the media often publish incorrect information. It would be preferable, in order to improve public awareness and prevent the unnecessary spread of disease. Great emphasis should be given to prevent the disease - primarily on immunization, hygiene rules and principles of safe sex. Quality information should be mainly from teachers in teaching their pupils, as is clear from research books, infectious diseases are only mentioned in textbooks and the number of substantive information in them is missing. The fact that pupils of primary schools and grammar schools with basic information on infectious diseases do not meet in the classroom, evidenced by the results of a survey carried out in the 6th classes and first year at selected elementary schools and grammar schools in Prague. To raise awareness of the pupils in school was to create a methodical manual for teachers, which summarizes information about bacterial and...
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Beating Intracellular Bacterial Infections with Polymeric Nanobead-Based Interventions: Development, Structure Characterization, and Analysis
Trousil, Jiří ; Hrubý, Martin (advisor) ; Záruba, Kamil (referee) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee)
One hundred years after the discovery of antimicrobials and antibiotics, intracellular bacterial pathogens remain a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. This is due to the complex and intricate ability of these pathogens to undergo intracellular replication while evading host cell immune defense. Bacterial agents such as Legionella pneumophila, Francisella tularensis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the causative agents of Legionnaires' disease, pulmonary tularemia, and tuberculosis (TB), respectively, contribute to this burden. Moreover, these agents are weaponizable pathogens due to their aerosolizability. TB represents a global health problem, although a potentially curative therapy has been available for approximately 50 years; this intracellular disease affects approximately 1 in 3 people worldwide, with over 10 million new cases per year and one death every three minutes. TB can usually be treated with a 6- to 9-month course of combined therapy. The necessity of using a cocktail of anti-TB drugs and the long-term treatment schedules required for conventional therapy, however, result in poor patient compliance; therefore, the risk of treatment failure and relapses is higher. Hence, improved drug delivery strategies for the existing drugs can be exploited to shorten the duration of TB...
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Securitising biology: Biological threats and state preparedness in the wake of a pandemic
Artico, Chiara ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee)
64053643 SECURITISING BIOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND STATE PREPAREDNESS IN THE WAKE OF A PANDEMIC ABSTRACT The management of infectious diseases in the realm of public health has shown increasingly overlapping areas with biological warfare preparedness. While the acknowledgement of these common elements is not only frequent but also codified in an international treaty and subject to distinct regulations, research into how these two fields connect is scarce. Potential deliberate use of biological weapons typically leads to intense political mobilisation and ensuing dedication of financial resources. Contrarily, the management of health crises over the last decades has been severely flawed, and no country in the world is considered fully prepared to a pandemic, according to the Global Health Security Index. The current COVID-19 pandemic has recently been further proof of the inadequacy of state-level prevention and preparedness capabilities. This dissertation aims at bridging the existing conceptual gap and policy divide between biological warfare and infectious disease preparedness, and to analyse elements that can be mutually applicable and potentially beneficial. It will do so by establishing analytical equivalence between the securitisation of an artificial biothreat and a nature-borne infectious disease...
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Knowledge of second-degree pupils of the selected elementary school on selected infectious diseases
Pavelková, Barbora ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with the issue of knowledge of second grade pupils of a selected elementary school regarding selected infectious diseases. The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out to what extent pupils aged 11 - 15 are informed about infectious diseases, their transmission, treatment possibilities, protection against them and to what extent their school participates in such awareness procedures. The theoretical part includes the definition and approximation of basic terms concerning epidemiology, hygiene and microbiology. It provides basic information about infectious diseases, transmission methods, protection against them and their treatment. The practical part analyses and evaluates the data obtained by the questionnaire survey among second grade pupils of the selected elementary school. A total of 186 questionnaires were used to evaluate the results. Indeed, the results confirmed that the pupils' knowledge of infectious diseases is not sufficient for their own health and safety development. Many pupils have misinformation about vaccinations, incubation periods and protection against infectious diseases. I would therefore assume, we need to get closer to the pupils` problems of infectious diseases and to improve knowledge in these areas. Furthermore, it is necessary to strengthen...
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Dostupnost zdravotně nezávadné vody v Nikaragui se zaměřením na rurální oblasti regionu Carazo
Křížová, Diana
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of drinking water scarcity in Nicaragua, especially in the rural areas of the Carazo region. Theoretical part describes drinking water definition and the most common causes of problematic accessibility of drinking water including the impacts on local inhabitants. Recommended world water strategies for sustainable water management in developing countries are mentioned. The thesis defines contemporary infectious diseases (infectious diarrhea, viral hepatitis A, leptospirosis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, cryptosporidiosis, and geohelminth infections) in Nicaragua, and the negative influence on its population's quality of live. Analytical part includes data such as accessibility of drinking water and sanitations. The data were accessed during the stay in Nicaragua, mainly in the Carazo region (62 communities, 8,000 households, 45,024 inhabitants), and also from databases and publications about the selected infectious diseases in Nicaragua. Infectious diarrhea, leptospirosis, and viral hepatitis A are the gravest infectious diseases for the local inhabitants (especially for children). Drinking water is absolutely accessible only in 40 (64.5 %) communities with the population of 36,446 (81.0 %) to all households. Sanitations are absolutely accessible only in 3 (4.8 %) with the population of 14,129 (31.4 %) to all households. This infrastructure does not create suitable conditions for these infectious diseases prevention.
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Beating Intracellular Bacterial Infections with Polymeric Nanobead-Based Interventions: Development, Structure Characterization, and Analysis
Trousil, Jiří ; Hrubý, Martin (advisor) ; Záruba, Kamil (referee) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee)
One hundred years after the discovery of antimicrobials and antibiotics, intracellular bacterial pathogens remain a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. This is due to the complex and intricate ability of these pathogens to undergo intracellular replication while evading host cell immune defense. Bacterial agents such as Legionella pneumophila, Francisella tularensis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the causative agents of Legionnaires' disease, pulmonary tularemia, and tuberculosis (TB), respectively, contribute to this burden. Moreover, these agents are weaponizable pathogens due to their aerosolizability. TB represents a global health problem, although a potentially curative therapy has been available for approximately 50 years; this intracellular disease affects approximately 1 in 3 people worldwide, with over 10 million new cases per year and one death every three minutes. TB can usually be treated with a 6- to 9-month course of combined therapy. The necessity of using a cocktail of anti-TB drugs and the long-term treatment schedules required for conventional therapy, however, result in poor patient compliance; therefore, the risk of treatment failure and relapses is higher. Hence, improved drug delivery strategies for the existing drugs can be exploited to shorten the duration of TB...
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PCR diagnostics Neoehrlichia mikurensis
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of a new diagnostic method for the detection of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks. The new method was developed based on the unavailability of a suitable diagnostic method of N. mikurensis as well as the lack of accurate data about infection frequency of ticks by the pathogen Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in the scientific literature. In the theoretical part, I deal with general information about ticks and their transmitted diseases, which can be bacterial, viral or protozoal. The diseases described in my bachelor thesis are borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, ehrlichiosis, bartonellosis, tularemia and babesiosis. Special attention is dedicated to newly detected causative agents of neoehrlichiosis. Various type of techniques have been used during the development of the new diagnostic method, such as polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR), cloning, sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis (ELFO). These methods are complemented by a large number of different laboratory procedures, such as DNA isolation, minipreparation of plasmid DNA, gel purification of DNA, and bacterial stock solution preparation. Statistical evaluation was performed based on the analysis of mixed samples of 10 ticks, using the PCR method. A total of 1 390 ticks were tested during 2018.
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Distribution of condoms in custodial prison Praha Pankrác as a form of Harm Reduction
Švarcová, Barbora ; Grohmannová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
This bachelor thesis's theme is Harm Reduction in prisons. It is focused on pilot project of condom distribution in custodial prison Praha Pankrác, which should be set off due to cooperation of the National monitoring centre for drugs and addiction with HA-REACT. The aim of this project is to decrease incidence of infectious diseases in prisons. Incidence of these diseases (mainly HIV and hepatitis C) is still increasing and its transmission is mostly common in the group of men having sex with men and in the group of people who inject drugs. These groups make the biggest part of inmates in prison. The aim of this thesis is to phrase a recommendation how to run this project of condom distribution the best, the main goal is to state the best form of condom distribution . This thesis also assesses the most common concerns claimed about this programme, which are mostly concerns about the increase of sexual violence or sexual behaviour in general. The last aim is to find out, how the evaluation of project like this should look. Meta-analysis was chosen to fulfil these aims and three evaluations of pilot projects of condom distribution were analysed. These projects took place in Australia (New South Wales) and in the United States of America (San Francisco, Vacaville). The result of this analysis is...
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The relationship between the occurrence of infectious diseases and drug use in patients of Internal Medicine Clinic (6th station - Infection) University Hospital in Motol in 2011-12
Englcová, Barbora ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Arientová, Simona (referee)
Backrounds: The data source was a summary dossier on illegal drugs users' which heve been treated at the Department of Internal Medicine (6th station - Infection) University Hospital in Motol in 2011 and 2012. It was provided me by doctors. Objectives: The aim of the research was to determine the patients' compliance with the treatment and to describe the relationship between drug use, length of the drug career and the occurence of the infectious diseases. Methods: The comprehensive statistic information on the clients - drug users (315) which have been treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital in Motol in 2011 and 2012 was analyzed using the analytical-statistical methods. The ethical principles were preserved. The study is retrospective, it hasn't taken place face meeting with these clients. Results: 315 of drug users were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital Motol in 2011 and 2012. There are 128 outpatients and 187 hospitalized following outpatient clinics. All patients were between 15 and 57 years old. The most common mode of drug use was intravenous application. Hepatitis occured in 66.2 % of the hospitalized drug addicts, infections of skin and soft tissues in 19.25 %. The sepsis was the reason of hospitalization in...
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